By McGrattan, Kevin; Hostikka, Simo; Floyd, Jason; Baum, Howard; Rehm, Ronald; Mell, William; McDermott, Randall
DESCRIPTION
This 2010 rfile presents the theoretical foundation for the fireplace Dynamics Simulator (FDS), together with the governing equations and the numerical equipment used to unravel them. The equations are the low Mach quantity type of the Navier-Stokes equations, solved utilizing huge eddy simulation innovations. The advisor additionally describes thermal radiation, droplet delivery and evaporation, fire-specific detection units, and different details with regards to the numerics of the version.
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Extra info for Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide, Volume 1 - Mathematical Model
Sample text
Heat conduction is assumed only in the direction normal to the surface. This section describes the single mass and energy conservation equation for solid materials, plus the various coefficients, source terms, and boundary conditions. 2 describes the component-averaged material properties, ks and ρs cs . 3 describes the term q˙s,c , which is essentially the heat production (loss) rate given by the pyrolysis models for different types of solid and liquid fuels. 4 describes the term q˙s,r , the radiative absorption and emission in depth.
2. If a reaction occurs, Z1 is converted to Z2 representing the conversion of fuel to products. The heat release rate of the fire is obtained by multiplying the fuel consumption rate by the heat of combustion. We expand upon this by allowing for the fuel stream to be diluted with an inert gas (nitrogen) and we note that since we are using our extra parameter to determine extinction, that the yields of CO and soot are still fixed. Thus we can restate Eq. 39) and Eq. 42) where YFI is the fuel mass fraction at the burner surface (YNI2 would be the diluent mass fraction at the burner surface).
The temperature integrals of the latent heat contents are computed in advance for all the reactions of each material and the values of q˙s,c are tabulated between T0 and T0 + 2000 K. During the pyrolysis calculation, the values are found from a “look-up” table. 35 Liquid Fuels The rate at which liquid fuel evaporates when burning is a function of the liquid temperature and the concentration of fuel vapor above the pool surface. 94) where hv is the heat of vaporization, W f is the molecular weight, Ts is the surface temperature, and Tb is the boiling temperature of the fuel [36].